He also proposed the velocity potential theory. Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782) derived Bernoulli's famous equation, and Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) proposed the Euler equations, which describe the conservation of momentum for an inviscid fluid, and conservation of mass. In the 18th and 19th centuries, significant work was done trying to mathematically describe the motion of fluids. His contributions to fluid mechanics included his second law: F=m.a, the concept of Newtonian viscosity in which stress and the rate of strain vary linearly, the reciprocity principle: the force applied upon a stationary object by a moving fluid is equal to the change in momentum of the fluid as it deflects around the front of the object, and the relationship between the speed of waves at a liquid surface and their wavelength. Newton tried to quantify and predict fluid flow phenomena through his elementary Newtonian physical equations. Leonardo was followed in the late 17th Century by Isaac Newton in England. His contributions to fluid mechanics are presented in a nine part treatise ( Del moto e misura dell'acqua) that covers water surfaces, movement of water, water waves, eddies, falling water, free jets, interference of waves, and many other newly observed phenomena He planned and supervised canal and harbor works over a large part of middle Italy. He observed natural phenomena in the visible world, recognizing their form and structure, and describing them pictorially exactly as they were. It was not until the Renaissance that these ideas resurfaced again in Southern Europe when we find great artists cum engineers like Leonardo Da Vinci starting to examine the natural world of fluids and flow in detail again. The focus at the time was on waterworks: aqueducts, canals, harbors, and bathhouses, which the ancient Romans perfected to a science. However, Archimedes initiated the fields of static mechanics, hydrostatics, and determined how to measure densities and volumes of objects. In antiquity, great Greek thinkers like Heraclitus postulated that "Everything flows" but he was thinking of this in a philosophical sense rather than in a recognizably scientific way.
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